|
A Lambeth degree is an academic degree conferred by the Archbishop of Canterbury under the authority of the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533 (25 Hen VIII c 21) (Eng) as successor of the papal legate in England. The degrees conferred most commonly are DD (Doctor of Divinity), DCL (Doctor of Civil Law), DLitt (Doctor of Letters), DMus (Doctor of Music), DM (Doctor of Medicine), BD (Bachelor of Divinity) and MA (Master of Arts). The relatively modern degree of MLitt (Master of Letters) has been conferred in recent years, and the MPhil and PhD are now available. The degrees awarded (and their letters) are dependent on which of the two ancient universities, Oxford or Cambridge, the archbishop chooses as his model. This is also tied with the nature of the academic dress used as well. ==Nature of the degrees== The continued authority of the archbishop to confer degrees is recognised in accordance with section 216(1) of the Education Reform Act 1988 by the Education (Recognised Bodies) (England) Order 2010.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/pages/archbishops-awards-and-examinations.html )〕 There are two types of degrees awarded, those for the recognition of service to the church and those for which an examination is required. Though the first type of degree is similar to an honorary degree they are legally substantive degrees and are awarded only to those individuals deemed to have met the requirements for the degree in some way. They are, in a sense, awarded in recognition of prior learning or experience but also serve as a form of church honours system.〔 The extent of a person's learning is taken into account when it is being decided what degree should be conferred. An eminent and much-published scholar may be considered suitable for a doctorate, an experienced cleric or lay minister may be awarded the MA and a senior figure with some published work may be considered for the BD. For some time in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries new diocesan bishops traditionally received the DD on appointment; but since 1961 this has not been the custom and all awards are made on an individual basis. Because they are substantive degrees, holders of Lambeth doctorates are able to use the title "Doctor", for example as "Dr John Smith", without the restrictions on this which sometimes apply to honorary degrees. The Latin designation of Canterbury, ''Cantuar'', is used to explain the origin of the degree, e.g. "John Smith DD (Cantuar)" in the case of a Doctor of Divinity. A Lambeth DD was awarded in 1987 to Chief Rabbi Sir Immanuel Jakobovits and others to Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks in 2001 and Rabbi Tony Bayfield in 2006 and thus it is not a requirement to be a Christian, nor to subscribe to an Anglican understanding. Degrees by examination are awarded by the archbishop at an annual service in the chapel at Lambeth Palace, in the framework of Church of England Evening Prayer - held separately from the service for the more "honorary" Lambeth degrees. Due to the Lambeth Degree being a Degree of the Realm, which can only be awarded to subjects who take the Oath of Allegiance to the monarch of the United Kingdom,〔 applicants must fall into one of these categories (according to the ''Handbook for Students and Supervisors'' (2014)) # British subjects; # nationals of Commonwealth countries which retain the Queen as head of state; # holders of dual nationality; # members of the clergy of the Church of England’s Diocese in Europe; # foreign nationals who have British residency or who are permanently domiciled in the UK, and who are not otherwise prevented by virtue of their own nationality and citizenship from taking the Oath of Allegiance. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lambeth degree」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|